Math Library in Python

Math Library in Python

The math library in Python provides a wide range of mathematical functions to perform complex calculations easily. It includes constants, trigonometric functions, logarithmic operations, and more.

1. Importing the Math Library

To use the math library, you must import it using:

import math

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2. Commonly Used Functions

Here are some commonly used functions in the math library:

A. Basic Mathematical Functions

math.sqrt(x)

Returns the square root of x.

Example:

print(math.sqrt(16))  # Output: 4.0

math.pow(x, y)

Returns x raised to the power of y.

Example:

print(math.pow(2, 3))  # Output: 8.0

math.ceil(x)

Rounds x up to the nearest integer.

Example:

print(math.ceil(4.3))  # Output: 5

math.floor(x)

Rounds x down to the nearest integer.

Example:

print(math.floor(4.7))  # Output: 4

B. Trigonometric Functions

math.sin(x), math.cos(x), math.tan(x)

Calculates the sine, cosine, and tangent of x (in radians).

Example:

print(math.sin(math.pi / 2))  # Output: 1.0

math.degrees(x)

Converts radians to degrees.

Example:

print(math.degrees(math.pi))  # Output: 180.0

math.radians(x)

Converts degrees to radians.

Example:

print(math.radians(180))  # Output: 3.141592653589793

C. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions

math.log(x)

Returns the natural logarithm of x (base e).

Example:

print(math.log(10))  # Output: 2.302585092994046

math.log10(x)

Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.

Example:

print(math.log10(100))  # Output: 2.0

math.exp(x)

Returns e raised to the power of x.

Example:

print(math.exp(2))  # Output: 7.38905609893065

D. Constants

math.pi

Value of π (Pi).

Example:

print(math.pi)  # Output: 3.141592653589793

math.e

Value of Euler's number (e).

Example:

print(math.e)  # Output: 2.718281828459045

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3. Applications of Math Library

Used in scientific computations.

Supports geometry, trigonometry, and calculus.

Helpful for solving engineering problems.

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4. Practice Example

import math

# Calculate area of a circle with radius 5

radius = 5

area = math.pi * math.pow(radius, 2)

print(f"Area of the circle: {area}")

# Convert 90 degrees to radians and find its sine

angle_degrees = 90

angle_radians = math.radians(angle_degrees)

sine_value = math.sin(angle_radians)

print(f"Sine of 90 degrees: {sine_value}")