Pygame Library

 Pygame Library

1. Installation

First, install Pygame using pip:

pip install pygame

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2. Creating Your First Pygame Window

Here’s a simple example to create a window:

import pygame

# Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()

# Set up the display
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))  # Width=800, Height=600
pygame.display.set_caption("My First Pygame Window")

# Main loop
running = True
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:  # Close the window
            running = False

# Quit Pygame
pygame.quit()

• pygame.init(): Initializes all Pygame modules.
• pygame.display.set_mode((width, height)): Creates a window of specified size.
• pygame.event.get(): Handles events like closing the window or pressing keys.
• pygame.quit(): Shuts down Pygame properly.

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3. Adding Colors

Define colors using RGB values:

# Define colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)

# Fill the screen with color
screen.fill(WHITE)
pygame.display.flip()  # Update the display

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4. Drawing Shapes

Pygame provides functions to draw shapes:

# Draw a rectangle
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, (50, 50, 200, 100))  # (x, y, width, height)

# Draw a circle
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (400, 300), 50)  # (center_x, center_y), radius

# Update the display
pygame.display.flip()

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5. Handling Keyboard Input

You can detect key presses with pygame.KEYDOWN:

for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
        if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:  # Left arrow key
            print("Left arrow pressed!")

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6. Adding a Moving Object

Here’s how to move a rectangle on the screen:

x, y = 50, 50  # Initial position
speed = 5

running = True
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
        x -= speed
    if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
        x += speed
    if keys[pygame.K_UP]:
        y -= speed
    if keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
        y += speed

    # Clear the screen
    screen.fill(WHITE)

    # Draw the rectangle
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, (x, y, 50, 50))

    # Update the display
    pygame.display.flip()

pygame.quit()

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7. Adding Images

You can load and display images:

image = pygame.image.load("my_image.png")  # Replace with your image file
screen.blit(image, (100, 100))  # Draw the image at (100, 100)
pygame.display.flip()

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8. Adding Sounds

Pygame supports audio files like .wav:

pygame.mixer.init()
sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sound.wav")  # Load sound
sound.play()  # Play sound

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9. Game Loop Structure

A typical Pygame loop has these steps:

1. Handle events: User inputs like keyboard or mouse actions.
2. Update game logic: Update object positions, check collisions.
3. Draw: Render objects on the screen.

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10. Simple Game Example: Bouncing Ball

import pygame

# Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()

# Set up display
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("Bouncing Ball")

# Define colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)

# Ball setup
ball_x, ball_y = 100, 100
ball_dx, ball_dy = 5, 5
ball_radius = 20

# Main loop
running = True
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

    # Move the ball
    ball_x += ball_dx
    ball_y += ball_dy

    # Bounce the ball off walls
    if ball_x - ball_radius < 0 or ball_x + ball_radius > 800:
        ball_dx = -ball_dx
    if ball_y - ball_radius < 0 or ball_y + ball_radius > 600:
        ball_dy = -ball_dy

    # Clear the screen
    screen.fill(WHITE)

    # Draw the ball
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, RED, (ball_x, ball_y), ball_radius)

    # Update the display
    pygame.display.flip()

pygame.quit()